In Arta, on the western slope of Peranthi Hill, stands the imposing Church of Panagia Parigoritissa, one of the most important Byzantine monuments in Greece. The church is a jewel of the city, also known as the “lady” of Arta, and is closely connected with the history of the Despotate of Epirus and the Komnenodoukas dynasty. Its religious, architectural, and artistic significance makes it a unique destination for every visitor.
The history of the Church of Panagia Parigoritissa in Arta begins before the 13th century, when a small chapel was built on the site of an earlier church. At the end of the 13th century (1285–1289 or 1294–1296), the Despot of Epirus, Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas, together with his wife Anna Palaiologina Kantakouzene, undertook the expansion and renovation of the monument. The founder’s inscription, which survives to this day, records their names as well as that of their son Thomas, confirming their family’s contribution to its construction.
During the Ottoman period, as early as 1530, Parigoritissa functioned as a convent for women. During the years of the Greek Revolution (1821–1824), the church, due to its strategic location, was used as a bastion, though it was never converted into a mosque, as happened with other churches. Parigoritissa was also associated with the presence of notable ecclesiastical figures, including Ecumenical Patriarch Jeremias I.
Tradition has associated Parigoritissa with miracles and legends. The most widespread tells that, after an accident involving the builders during construction, the Virgin Mary appeared to the mother of an assistant to comfort her, giving the church its name. At the same time, the people of Arta believed that the Virgin protected the city from natural disasters, plagues, and invasions, reinforcing Parigoritissa’s image as the “Comforter.”
The Church of Panagia Parigoritissa in Arta is an architectural masterpiece. Its exterior recalls the Italian Renaissance, while the roof with its five domes is a distinctive feature. The central dome, appearing to float, is supported by double columns through an innovative system of piers and arches, unique in Byzantine church architecture. The monument’s dimensions are impressive: approximately 20 × 22 meters in length and width, over 20 meters in height, with the dome measuring 7 meters in diameter and 3.5 meters in height. The interior has a square plan with three apses to the east, a rectangular narthex to the west, and two chapels to the north and south.
The decoration of the church is rich. The exterior apses are adorned with ceramic motifs, such as meanders, diamonds, and crosses. In the dome, mosaic depictions of Christ Pantocrator and the Prophets have been preserved, likely the work of artists from Constantinople or Thessaloniki. The frescoes in the sanctuary date to 1558 and are the work of the monk Ananias, while the others belong to the 17th and 18th centuries, with later interventions in the narthex.
Parigoritissa served as the katholikon of a large monastery, with cells and a refectory, which today houses the Arta Sculpture Gallery. Today, the church functions mainly as a museum under the supervision of the Archaeological Service, while services are held on major religious holidays, especially on the Feast of the Annunciation (March 25). For the people of Arta, it remains a source of spiritual unity and protection.
The Church of Panagia Parigoritissa in Arta is very close to the historic center and easily accessible on foot. Entrance is free, while opening hours vary, especially in winter. It is recommended to contact the local Archaeological Service or the Holy Metropolis of Arta before visiting. The Feast of the Annunciation is the best opportunity for visitors to experience the religious atmosphere and local events surrounding the monument.
Parigoritissa is not just a church, but a living symbol of Byzantine heritage in Epirus and Orthodoxy. Its historical journey, the legends that surround it, its innovative architecture, and artistic value make it a unique destination for religious and cultural tourism in Arta.
